Selasa, 01 Januari 2008

Fatigue examined

The mystery of Fatigue: Anticipatory Regulation and the limits to exercise performance

At the "centre of the physiology universe" lies the question of what limits exercise performance? Even the definition of fatigue is controversial, but once you get into this issue, the complexity and intricacy of the human body becomes apparent.

We can't offer definitive answers here. As we've said often before, if anyone tells you "THE ANSWER", they're either lying, or ignorant, or both! We certainly don't purport to have the "key to fatigue", but we can evaluate the theories, examine the evidence and work towards proposing a model that will, hopefully, shed some light on the issue!

So this is our series on Fatigue, our most epic series to date! Enjoy!

Running technique

If you want to create a debate that can easily turn into an argument with a group of runners, then bringing up running technique is a good place to start! Naturally, every runner, regardless of level or experience, has experience and an opinion on the "perfect running technique".

What has contributed to this issue in recent times is the availability of a wealth of information and "expert advice" on technique, from people who want to sell you shoes, to those you will sell you "style" if you give them enough money and six months of your running! Never before has there been such an emphasis on changing your technique for "better" running. That word - "better" - is never quite defined, and nor has it ever been scientifically tested. So when it comes to the one of the hottest topics among runners, one is limited to anecdotes and (often grand) theories.

Below are some posts we've done looking at the subject!

Ross


Running shoes
  1. Are your shoes the CAUSE, rather than the solution of injuries?
  2. Running injury - Shoe or training? A debate with missing information on shoes
  3. Barefoot vs. shoes: Biomechanics and important concepts
  4. The running shoe industry: Where will we be in 10 years' time?
  5. The footstrike: How should your foot be landing - midfoot vs. heel vs. forefoot striking
  6. Running shoes vs Barefoot running Q & A Part I
  7. Running shoes vs Barefoot running Q & A Part II
  8. Running shoes vs Barefoot running Q & A Part III
  9. Running shoes vs Barefoot running Q & A Part IV
  10. Running shoes vs Barefoot running Q & A Part V
  11. Barefoot running and injuries - a stimulus plan for therapists?

Running technique
  1. Is there is a "right" way to run?
  2. The Philosophy of how we run
  3. Biomechanical discussion and evaluation of Pose Running
  4. The scientific study on Pose running - what did it show?
  5. The second Pose study - effect of Pose on running economy
  6. Some suggested changes YOU can make to your running technique
  7. The marketing of running technique

Running economy
  1. What is running economy? Introduction to key concepts
  2. Who are the most economical runners in history?
  3. Biomechanics of running economy
  4. How can YOU improve your running through running economy?

Doping

Unfortunately, the role of science in sport is often synonymous with doping, such is the nature of international elite sport these days. Growing skepticism, discontent and controversy cast a shadow of elite performance, particularly in the Tour de France, which is scrutinized like no other event.

We've tried to cover doping in sport as comprehensively as possible. Below are some of the articles we've featured in the past year, both news-related doping stories, and some insights into the physiology of drugs - how they work, and how much they work?

Enjoy!

The Floyd Landis - Lance Armstrong affair
Cycling - the doping fight continues
General doping stories

Marathon analysis

This page summarizes all the analysis and discussion we do on the marathon event. From the big city marathon recaps, to the physiology of fatigue and performance, you'll find it here!

Ross

2009
2008
2007

Beijing 2008

Event Coverage and analysis:

Track and Field
General
Swimming
Cycling
Beijing Build-up

In the buildup to the Beijing Games, we covered the following high profile stories:
  • Doping and the Olympics
  • Beijing Pollution
  • Preview of Beijing events - 9 months out

Ross

Most popular

Once every few days, we'll update this link to direct you to our currently "Most popular" article.

Right now, the following story is our most popular and widely read story:

Computer Games continued

First Post of 2008 - a New Epidemic in children: Playstation thumb!

First of all, a happy and prosperous New Year to everyone! We hope that 2008, an Olympic Year, brings everyone some Olympian success and prosperity!

I trust that all are recovered from their New Year celebrations, perhaps you've even jotted down some resolutions for 2008? Here's to making them last at least a week!

Just a short filler post today, to follow on what we have been discussing recently - health and computer games. A few days ago, we did some posts on the somewhat bizarre potential of Nintendo Wii to contribute to weight loss in children, since it is a more active form of computer game than Playstation and X-Box 360. A case of trying to gloss over a problem and justify inactivity perhaps? Or an admission that "If you can't beat them, join them"?

In any event, it reminded me of an article I came across a few years ago, while still a student. I used to share an office with three other PhD students who shared my sense of humour, and we all had a humorous appreciation for some of the more bizarre scientific research publications that our field sometimes produces (for example, check out this very bizarre case study from an Indian Medical Journal - accidental condom inhalation, anyone?).

Playstation thumb - a new epidemic in children

So here's one I came across in 2004 (don't remember how), detailing the emergence of a new "epidemic" - it's called Playstation Thumb. The condition was first mentioned in a letter written to a prestigious journal Lancet, and was followed by a synopsis in the South African Medical Journal. The condition develops due to (you guessed it) excessive use of the thumb during play - the problem is partly a dermatological one, with the formation of a blister, which can be accompanied by fatigue of the thumb. There is tendon pain (whether or not there is inflammation is debatable) which ultimately limits pain - a forced "rest" period...

In fact, there's a whole body of literature about this condition now. One of the more recent ones, in Archives of Dermatology, details "The Use of Dermoscopy to Visualize Punctate Hemorrhages and Onycholysis in "Playstation Thumb". (I don't know exactly what that means either...!)

Nintendo are not immune to this affliction. In June 2007 (last year, funnily enough!), the New England Journal of Medicine had a report detailing the condition "Wiitis". Here, a 29-year old medical student woke up with shoulder pain, had it checked out and was diagnosed with "acute tendonitis isolated to the right infraspinatus" as a result of playing too much Wii the day before! So forget Achilles tendonitis, tendinosis, ITB, patellofemoral pain and the like - computer gamers are just as injury-prone as all the runners and cyclists! Not to mention the risk of obesity, and the resultant disease - the games will one day carry a warning sticker!

But wait there's more - how about "Playstation Lip"?

If that wasn't enough, how about this letter, that was sent to the British Medical Journal in June 2000? It describes two dentist's experiences with children who apparently concentrate so hard that they damage their lower lips...

Sir, - It has come to our attention that an unusual consequence of children concentrating whilst playing their computer games of PlayStation games appears to be that of trauma to the lower lips.

We have recently seen two children who have attended Newcastle Dental Hospital children's department with severe trauma to their lower lips. On questioning it was clear that this trauma had occurred whilst playing on their PlayStations and consequently we found it necessary to provide them with lower soft splints to prevent any further damage.

Therefore, we would be very interested to know if any other readers had noticed this interesting phenomenon and had seen any other cases recently of what we have called 'PlayStation lip'.

R. L. M. Inglis
R. R. Welbury
It seems that we are on the verge of a new branch of science - computer games exercise science and medicine! First we had the possibility of studies on Wii Economy (see the comments section), now a division of medicine, even dentistry, on physical afflications caused by too much gaming! Who said that science stands still? And as for human evolution continuing to this day...

Preview of forthcoming posts

OK, so today was a bit of a tongue-in-cheek post to kick off the year. But tomorrow, I thought it would be interesting to do the "Nostradamus Post" and make some predictions for sport (and science) in 2008.

Hope you've hit 2008 running (or cycling, swimming, rowing, and figuratively!)

Ross